Document Type

Honors Thesis

Major

Marine Science

Advisor(s)

Ian Bricknell, Melissa Ladenheim

Committee Members

Timothy Bowden, Sally Molloy

Graduation Year

May 2025

Publication Date

8-2025

Abstract

Charismatic mega species have become the target of ecotourism since the late 20th century, and it is continuing to grow in popularity in the 21st century. Ecotourism can be described as responsible travel to a location to view or interact with a target species or ecosystem while promoting conservation and providing benefits to local communities. Ecotourism with whale sharks (Rhincodon typus, Smith, 1828) is no exception, becoming the focus of ecotourism sites globally. Whale shark ecotourism exists in several countries, including Australia, the Philippines, and Mexico, contributing significantly to the local economy. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, whale sharks are endangered with a declining population. To preserve the remaining whale shark populations and allow them to recover, we must understand their behavior and how ecotourism interactions with them change those behaviors. Whale shark ecotourism involves tourists snorkeling and swimming with the sharks, with some sites providing food to the sharks (provisioning). Codes of Conduct exist to prevent harmful effects on the sharks, but noncompliance is common. The effects of ecotourism on whale sharks can be detrimental due to the lack of knowledge about many aspects of whale shark biology, including reproduction and migration. An analysis of the research on whale sharks, including their biology and ecology, diet, and behavioral changes due to ecotourism and provisioning, provides insight into the impact of ecotourism on whale sharks. Understanding the impacts of ecotourism can help determine best practices at ecotourism operations with the goal of promoting protection and conservation.

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