Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Journal of Glaciology

Rights and Access Note

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Publication Date

2007

First Page

646

Last Page

658

Issue Number

183

Volume Number

53

Abstract/ Summary

The University of Maine Ice Sheet Model was used to study basal conditions during retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet in Maine. Within 150 km of the margin, basal melt rates average similar to 5 mm a(-1) during retreat. They decline over the next 100km, so areas of frozen bed develop in northern Maine during retreat. By integrating the melt rate over the drainage area typically subtended by an esker, we obtained a discharge at the margin of similar to 1.2 m(3) s(-1). While such a discharge could have moved the material in the Katahdin esker, it was likely too low to build the esker in the time available. Additional water from the glacier surface was required. Temperature gradients in the basal ice increase rapidly with distance from the margin. By conducting upward into the ice all of the additional viscous heat produced by any perturbation that increases the depth of flow in a flat conduit in a distributed drainage system, these gradients inhibit the formation of sharply arched conduits in which an esker can form. This may explain why eskers commonly seem to form near the margin and are typically segmented, with later segments overlapping onto earlier ones.

Citation/Publisher Attribution

Hooke, RL, and Fastook, J, 2007, Thermal Conditions at the Bed of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Maine During Deglaciation: Implications for Esker Formation: Journal of Glaciology, v. 53, p. 646-658. Available on publisher's site at: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2007/00000053/00000183/art00013

Publisher Statement

© Copyright 2007 by the International Glaciological Society

DOI

10.3189/002214307784409243

Version

publisher's version of the published document

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In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted.